Did you know that cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, affecting an estimated 24 million Americans aged 40 and older? Many individuals struggle to recognize the early signs of cataracts, allowing the condition to progress and impact their daily lives.
At Everett & Hurite, we specialize in providing comprehensive eye care to communities across Pittsburgh, PA. Our team of experienced physicians is dedicated to helping you preserve and enhance your eyesight through personalized care and the latest treatment options. If you’re noticing changes in your vision or want to stay proactive about your eye health, schedule an appointment with us today.
Understanding cataracts and their treatment options is key to maintaining your eye health—keep reading to learn more.
Understanding Cataracts
Cataracts are a common eye condition that occurs when the natural lens of your eye becomes cloudy, leading to decreased vision. This clouded lens is caused by the clumping of proteins, which can also result in changes in color perception and increased sensitivity to glare.
Over time, untreated cataracts may lead to significant vision loss, affecting daily activities like reading or driving. While cataracts are often associated with aging, they can also develop due to factors such as genetics, trauma, or certain medical conditions.
There are three main types of cataracts:
- Nuclear cataracts: These involve the center or nucleus of the lens and are most commonly age-related.
- Cortical cataracts: These occur in the outer edges (cortex) of the lens and often develop gradually over time.
- Subcapsular cataracts: These form at the back of the lens, often in individuals with diabetes or those taking high doses of steroids.
Cataracts can also be classified based on their cause, including:
- Congenital cataracts: Present from birth or developed during childhood due to genetic factors or infections during pregnancy.
- Secondary cataracts: Caused by other eye conditions such as glaucoma or inflammation, previous eye surgery, or long-term use of certain medications.
- Traumatic cataracts: Developed after an eye injury.
- Posterior subcapsular cataracts: A specific type of cataract that can develop in individuals taking high doses of steroids.
Cataracts Causes
While age is a major risk factor for developing cataracts, there are several other causes and risk factors that may contribute to their formation. These include:
- Genetics: A family history of cataracts may increase your risk.
- Medical conditions: Diabetes and other systemic diseases can increase the likelihood of developing cataracts.
- Exposure to UV radiation: Prolonged exposure to UV rays without proper eye protection may lead to cataract development.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption: Research suggests a link between smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and increased risk of cataracts.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and diuretics, may increase the likelihood of developing cataracts.
Symptoms of Cataracts
Recognizing the symptoms of cataracts early can help you know when to seek help and keep the condition from interfering with your daily life. Common symptoms include:
- Cloudy or blurry vision - Objects may appear hazy or unclear, making it harder to see fine details.
- Increased sensitivity to light - Bright lights, such as headlights or sunlight, can cause discomfort or glare.
- Difficulty seeing at night - Night vision may worsen, making driving or navigating in dimly lit areas challenging.
- Fading or yellowing of colors - Colors may appear duller or less vibrant than before.
- Double vision in one eye - You may see multiple images in one eye due to cataract formation.
- Frequent changes in prescription - You may find yourself needing new glasses or contact lenses more often.
If you experience any of these symptoms, schedule an appointment with your eye doctor for a comprehensive evaluation.
Detecting Cataracts
If you’re over the age of 60, it’s recommended to have an eye exam every year to check for signs of cataracts. Your doctor will perform a comprehensive examination, including:
- Visual acuity test: to assess how well you see at various distances
- Slit-lamp exam: a magnified view of your eye to identify any abnormalities or changes in the lens
- Dilated eye exam: using special drops to widen your pupils and allow for a better view of the back of your eye
- Tonometry: to measure the pressure inside your eye, which can indicate a potential risk for glaucoma
If you experience any changes in your vision or notice symptoms such as cloudy or blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, or increased sensitivity to light, schedule an appointment with your doctor right away.
Cataracts Treatment Options
The only effective way to treat cataracts is through surgery. The procedure involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial one, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). This is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly improve vision in individuals with cataracts.
At Everett & Hurite, our team of experienced physicians specializes in cataract surgery using the latest techniques and technology to ensure optimal results. We offer two advanced surgical options tailored to your specific condition:
- Phacoemulsification (Phaco): This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses ultrasound energy to break up the cloudy lens and remove it.
- Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE): This is a more traditional method that requires a larger incision to remove the lens in one piece.
Both procedures involve replacing the affected lens with an artificial one made of high-quality materials. We offer various types of IOLs to suit your specific needs and lifestyle, including:
- Monofocal IOL: provides clear vision at one distance (usually far) and requires the use of glasses for other distances
- Multifocal or accommodating IOL: provides clear vision at multiple distances, reducing the need for glasses
- Toric IOL: corrects astigmatism, often combined with a monofocal or multifocal lens to address both distance and astigmatism
The type of IOL recommended for you will depend on several factors, including your lifestyle, visual needs, and overall eye health. Our experienced surgeons will work with you to determine the best option for your specific case.
Aftercare and Recovery
Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure, meaning you can return home on the same day. However, it’s essential to follow your doctor's instructions carefully to promote healing and prevent complications. These may include:
- Resting: Give yourself time to rest and heal after surgery.
- Using prescribed eye drops: These medications help prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
- Wearing protective eyewear: Your doctor may advise wearing a patch or shield over your eye at night or when sleeping.
- Avoiding strenuous activities: To allow your eyes to heal properly, avoid any activities that may strain or irritate your eyes, such as heavy lifting, bending over, and rubbing your eyes.
Your doctor will schedule follow-up appointments to ensure that your vision is healing correctly. Most individuals experience improved vision within a few days after surgery and can resume normal activities within a week. However, it may take up to six weeks for the eye to fully heal.
When To Seek Medical Attention
While cataracts are a common and usually treatable condition, it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience any changes in your vision or symptoms.
In some cases, cataracts can lead to complications such as secondary glaucoma or retinal detachment, which may require additional treatment. Your eye doctor will monitor your recovery and address any concerns you may have.
Tips to Prevent Cataracts
While there is no way to prevent cataracts, there are steps you can take to slow their progression and maintain good eye health:
- Wear sunglasses: Choose sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays when spending time outdoors.
- Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals may help protect against cataract formation.
- Don’t smoke: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing cataracts.
- Limit alcohol intake: Heavy alcohol consumption has also been associated with higher rates of cataract development.
- Manage underlying medical conditions: Proper management of diabetes and other systemic diseases can help reduce the risk of cataracts.
- Get regular eye exams: Early detection of cataracts can lead to better treatment outcomes and help preserve your vision.
Preserve Your Vision with Everett & Hurite
Cataracts can affect your daily life, but understanding the symptoms and exploring treatment options can protect your vision for years to come. Everett & Hurite is here to provide personalized care and advanced treatment solutions to restore and maintain your eyesight.
Schedule your cataract evaluation with Everett & Hurite today. Let our experienced team guide you through every step of the process to ensure the best care for your vision.
